According to 3GPP specifications, 5G core networks utilize a Service-Based Architecture (SBA). This architecture fundamentally changes how core network functions operate compared to previous generations. Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects of 5G Service-Based Architecture:
- Network Functions (NFs): These are self-contained software applications that perform specific network functionalities like user authentication, mobility management, or session management. Think of them as building blocks for the core network.
- Service Interfaces: NFs communicate with each other and external entities through well-defined interfaces. These interfaces are based on web technologies like REST APIs (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) and use JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) for data exchange. This approach makes communication standard and easier to develop for compared to traditional telecom protocols.
- Service Discovery and Registration: Unlike traditional networks where specific connections are pre-configured, NFs in an SBA can discover and register services dynamically. This allows for greater flexibility and simplifies adding new functionalities.
- Centralized Control and Management: While NFs operate independently, there’s usually a central entity responsible for their lifecycle management, including deployment, scaling, and monitoring.
Benefits of SBA in 5G (according to 3GPP):
- Agility and Flexibility: New services can be introduced faster by developing and deploying new NFs without major network upgrades.
- Scalability: The network can be easily scaled up or down by adding or removing NFs based on traffic demands.
- Openness: Standardized service interfaces based on web technologies promote interoperability between NFs from different vendors.
3GPP Specifications:
The technical details of SBA are specified in 3GPP’s Technical Specification (TS) 29.500 [reference technical specifications for copyright reasons]. This document defines how NFs are implemented, how they interact with each other, and how the overall service management is achieved.
In essence, SBA brings a cloud-native approach to 5G core networks, enabling them to be more agile, scalable, and open for innovation.
IT, Telecommunication Engineer and a Consultant specialized in Systems Engineering, Product development, Market research and Business development.
MBA – Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge, CompTIA Security+, CEH